Improvement in temples for looms



NTTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES SMITH, OF LAUREL, MARYLAND, ASSIGNOR TO SMITH & BOTTERILL.

IMPROVEMENT IN TEMPLES FOR LOOIVIS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. HSAIS, dated August '7,1855.

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES SMITH, a native of the Kingdom ofA GreatBritaimbut having formally declared my intention to become a citizen ofthe United States of America, and having resided for the past twelvemonths preceding the date given in my petition accompanying herewith andnow a resident of Laurel, in the county of Prince Georges and State ofMaryland, have invented and made certain new and useful Improvements inTemples for Looms; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full,clear, and exact description of the method of construction and mode ofoperating the Same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings`making a part of this specification, in which- Figure l shows the templecomplete attached to the breast-beam a a a a of theloom; b b, asemi-elliptical springattached to breastbeam by a screw c; (l d d,slotted or forked rest ends. e e e e are brackets with slotted restplaces f f; g tightening-screws which confine the brackets through theadjustingslots gX gx; 7L h h h, the flexible connectionrod or yieldingbar; I It It Ii IXKI IIX IIX,the temple-shell; J J J J, the burredrollers; 7V' lt m mx m, convex and concave falling orhinged cap; n, thehinged joint to the falling cap, with pivot bolt or screw o. p is aholdfastbutton.

Fig. 2 shows the full size and appearance of the temple-rollers; A, theplain turned cylinder; B, the irregular burr-roller; O, theperfectly-formed conical pointed tooth or pin roller; g g g g, thejournals or ends of the rollers.

To enable others to be skilled in the construction, use, and applicationot` my improved temple, I will proceed to describe the same, theconstruction thereof being as follows, viz: I rst take lengths of rodmetal, say about one-half or five-eigths inch diameter-and about fourand one-halt' inches in length, dividing them into two equal-sizedrollers, each roller formed with a journal end one-half inch long andabout three-sixteenths of an inch diameter. These rollers are made trueand smooth by turning` them in a lathe. Next I take the plain rollersthus formed in pairs, as at A, Fig. 2, and having a suitable rest-placedevice' to answer the purpose of holding one of the rollers at one time,being confined by the journals g g to admit of its turning with ease inits place. Then having a tapering half-ovaltool or cutter, Fig. 3, Itake the tool or cutter in my left hand and use it somewhat in themanner of file cutting, and striking it with a hammer at properintervals and with required regularity thus raise or strike up a burr,and thus forming a series of parallel rows the length 4of the rollers.Having completed the required number of the burr-rollers, as shown atFig. 2, B, I next proceed to form up the irregular burrs into theconically-shaped teeth or pins through means of a delicately-shapedcountersunken tool or punch, Fig. 4, with tapering end and pin-formerV.This tool or teeth-forming device is held in the left hand, and by itsaid and shape and by striking it withv gentle quick blows the irregularburrs of the roller B are changed in form and become a uniformly-shapedconical and well pointed pin or tooth, as shown in Fig. 2 at O. Theseteeth or pins may be inclined obliquely across y the surface of theroller, as well as in a longi` tudinal direction. This inclining of thepins or teeth is most essential. Having these toothed rollersconstructed, next is formed of desired pattern, of brass, iron, or anyother suitable material, what may be termed the shell7 or case for therollers, as shown at Ii It, formed With a head part I* and a heelattachment I Iii. This case has a hinged or falling cap mi K of an ovalor [iat form of top and concaves 'nt m on the inner side, so as toconform to the shape of the rollers J J J J, Fig. l, and B O, Fig. 2.This cap 'nz may be attached to the head ot' the temple I* I* I* by aknuckle-joint or hinge n, confined or held in its place by a bolt,screw, or pin o, Fig. l. This temple case or shell, with its head, maybe about two and one-halt' to three inches long and about one andone-half inch wide across the shell part. The head being suiiicientlylong to allow for the attaching to the flexible rod 7L 7i, the case orshell part It It is formed with end rests and journal-boxes or restplaces y y y y, in which the ends of the pin-rollers rest and revolve.The temple-shell should be made neatly and suficiently light, withrequired strength, having longitudinal depressions or concavitiessufficiently large to admit the rollers J J J J to revolve in. Theseconcavities may be ltermed the beds of the rollers J J J J, two

of which are used in the manufacture of heavy cloth or coarse fabrics.In such cases the temple is called a double or twin temple. In lightfabrics a singleroller temple is used. ln depositing the rollers intheir bed places it is :required that the pins should point outward fromthe center of the loom, so that the cloth is held or stretched outward.

Having the temple shell or case and rollers completed, the temples areattached to the ends of a yielding bar or flexible rod 7i 7L h 7Lv ofsufficient length to suit the width of cloth or the loom. overone-fourth inch in diameter, or it may be fiat or round, if desired. Thetemples must be arranged or attached to this rod or bar at suchdistances as to admit of the cloth passing its full width through thetemples. The drawings represent the temples attached to the barimmediately at the ends of the rod, though the rod may pass three orfour inches through the heel of the temple-head, if necessary. Thetemples, as will be perceived by reference to the drawings, are rightand leftthat is, they point. inward toward each other. The temples areconnected to the loom l through means of devices termed brackets7 e e ee, formed with slotted rest-places f f f f, and attached to thebreast-beam of the loom a a a a by means of a set-screw g, Working in anadjusting-slot gX gx. These slotted adjusting-brackets are arranged nearto the ends of the rod h 7th 7i either on the inner or outer sides ofthe temples, or at any suitable position, so as not vto interfere withthe beating up of the lay or reed beam.

In order the more to complete the temple, a semi-elliptical or suitablespring of fiat thin metal b h b b about twelve inches long and an inchwide is attached to the breast-beams by a screw or equivalent C. Theends of this spring are formed with forks or slots d d d d, into whichworks the yielding rod or templebar h h 7th. This spring should have itsends turned outward sufficiently front so as to accommodate the rod 7L hand support it ,securely and afford a uniform yielding action as the layor reed beam beats up.

It may be well enough to observe that the temples can be connected tothe breast-beam of the loom by a single bracket or any equivalent deviceor rest clasping or holding the flexible rod in its center.

Application of the temple-Bhe temples being attached to the loom, ashereinbefore described, and their position being such as to suit thewidth of the Woven material, the cloth is passed over the surface of therollers and the cap shut down thereon and held -in its place by thesmall button or holder Fig. l.

The pins of the rollers J J J J stick into the cloth slightly, and asthey are inclined outward from the center of the cloth the cloth isstretched and held uniformly, and as the rollers revolve in the movementof the cloth as it passes out and over the cloth-cyl- This rod lt 7L 7L7L need not be' aus a inder of the loom the cloth very readily is detached or relieved from the pins or teeth withn out in the leastsnagging ortearing the woven material, and owing to the uniformity ofaction the cloth is of a uniform and regular width, with even selvage orlist edges, owing to the regular outward stretching of the rollers.

The advantages over all other temples possessed by my improved solidraised conicalpin falling-cap temple are many: iirst, simplicity anddurability of construction of the roller by forming thereon, asdescribed, a solid fixed or raised conical pin or tooth, thereby givinggreat durability and most readily overcoming the possibility of gettingloosened and detached, as is the case with the wooden rollers; secondly,should one of the solidv raised pins be broken or bent or blunted, allthat is necessary is to take the bu rr-tool, Fig. 3, and the tooth orpin former, Fig. 4, and strike up a new pin; thirdly, my temple case orshell being hinged or jointed and detachable is readily lifted, whenrequired, which admits of getting at the rollers in the event of thebending or twisting of the pin; fourthly, my temple being att-ached tothe extremities of a flexible or yielding bar or rod and at the sametime pressing up against a spring, as at ZJ l) b Z2 C d ci d, Fig. l,admits of easing off the lay beat, and, reacting, returns the temple toits proper position. By this feature of yielding against the stroke orpressure of the lay or reed beam the usual jar or concussion of the layis counteraeted, and thus a uniform action and good result are broughtabout. Besides, too, the texture of the cloth is more of an equalitythan cloth produced through other temples.

The utility of my temple has been fully tested during the past six oreight months, and wherever my devices are used they are pronounced asmost superior to all others known for the same purpose.

The cost of my improved temple is less than many of those in use, and asthey are simple of construction and most substantial in their use arenow being readily sought after.

It may be Well enough to remark that a pair of my temples can be used asWell for fine as for coarser cloth, merely requiring the closer pressure0f the cap in the finer or thinner woven material, and, generally, themere weight of the cap is sufficient to make the teeth or pins of therollers hold to the fibers of the cloth Without endangering the slippingoff of the cloth in its passage out from over the rollers.

Deeming it unnecessary to enter more into detail of the generalconstruction and utility of my improved temple for looms, and havingdescribed it in as clear and practical a manner as possible, and showingthe many advantages thereof, what I claim as new and original withmyself, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, ishere with set forth.

I am fully aware that bnrrs toothed and conical-shaped pin-teeth,having` ahinged cap serrated surfaces have been formed for many to itsoase, all attached to a flexible rod h h purposes, and knowing that aVariety of 7i h, in combination with the forked spring c Wooden rollerswith pins inserted have been d CZ CZ d, when adjustable in brackets e ee e used for temples, I Wish, however, to be unf f f' f gX gx, the Wholearranged substantially derstood as disclaiming` such devices, and inl inthe manner described and constitntin g my stead confine myself solely tothe following improved temple.

distinguishing devices. JAMES SMlTI'l. [L s] That I claim as myinvention, and desire Witnesses:

to secure by Letters Patent, is- ROBERT H. HARRISON, The temple-rollerformed with solid raised I VILBER XV. HEATH.

